In the world of Windows, mastering command-line tools can boost efficiency, simplify troubleshooting, and save time. Whether you're a beginner or an advanced user, these commands provide a powerful alternative to the graphical interface.
🖥 Getting Started with CMD
- Open Command Prompt: press
Win + R, type cmd, and hit Enter.
- Run as Administrator for system-level commands.
- Commands are case-insensitive (you can type in upper or lower case).
📂 File & Directory Management
| Command |
Description |
Example |
dir |
List files and folders in the current directory |
dir C:\Users |
cd |
Change directory |
cd C:\Windows |
cd .. |
Move up one level |
cd .. |
copy |
Copy files to another location |
copy file.txt D:\Backup |
del |
Delete files |
del old.txt |
ren |
Rename file/folder |
ren report.txt report_old.txt |
mkdir |
Create a folder |
mkdir Projects |
move |
Move files between directories |
move file.txt D:\Docs |
tree |
Display directory structure |
tree C:\ |
type |
Show file contents |
type notes.txt |
⚙️ System Utilities & Troubleshooting
| Command |
Description |
Example |
systeminfo |
Display system info (OS, RAM, CPU) |
systeminfo |
tasklist |
Show running processes |
tasklist |
taskkill |
Kill a process by PID/name |
taskkill /IM notepad.exe /F |
shutdown /r |
Restart PC |
shutdown /r /t 0 |
chkdsk |
Check disk for errors |
chkdsk C: |
defrag |
Defragment hard drive |
defrag C: |
driverquery |
List installed drivers |
driverquery |
hostname |
Show computer name |
hostname |
ver |
Display Windows version |
ver |
🌐 Networking Commands
| Command |
Description |
Example |
ipconfig |
Show network configuration |
ipconfig /all |
ping |
Test connectivity |
ping google.com |
tracert |
Trace route to host |
tracert 8.8.8.8 |
nslookup |
DNS lookup |
nslookup blog.1it.pro |
netsh |
Network settings utility |
netsh wlan show profiles |
getmac |
Show MAC address |
getmac |
arp -a |
Show ARP table |
arp -a |
🛠 Disk & File System Management
| Command |
Description |
Example |
diskpart |
Partition manager |
diskpart |
format |
Format a disk |
format D: |
convert |
Convert FAT → NTFS |
convert D: /FS:NTFS |
compact |
Compress files (NTFS) |
compact /c file.txt |
label |
Set disk label |
label D: Backup |
vol |
Show disk volume info |
vol C: |
🎨 Command Prompt Customization
| Command |
Description |
Example |
cls |
Clear screen |
cls |
color |
Change text & background color |
color 0A |
title |
Set window title |
title My CMD Session |
prompt |
Customize prompt |
prompt $P$G |
help |
Show help |
help |
exit |
Close CMD |
exit |
✅ Pro Tips
- Run CMD as Administrator for advanced commands.
- Use
command /? to get help about a specific command.
- Combine commands with
& to run multiple at once.
- Schedule tasks using
schtasks for automation.
📌 Summary
Mastering Windows commands transforms the way you work with your system:
✔️ Faster navigation
✔️ Easier troubleshooting
✔️ More control over files, network, and processes
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